The following post is @chrisco's response to this TechCrunch article: EventVue’s Next Event: Deadpool. Co-Founder Shares Mistakes, which, along with EventVue's own post-mortem, is recommended reading for startup founders and prospective founders, especially those weighing bootstrapping vs. raising outside financing, especially without a rational, founder-equity-value-creating reason (not saying Rob and Josh did that, just saying it's something to avoid).
Warning: This post contains explicit content (I guess I was in one of those moods when I wrote it)!
Here at
Bootstrappy we advocate maximizing
founder equity value, which is different than maximizing total equity value and much different than maximizing VC equity value, which is (
big surprise) the VC's goal. (Note: When I say "VC" in this blog, I mean VCs plus most other types of startup investors.) In a perfect world, all of those interests would be 100% aligned, but because of the way VCs try, and often do, structure the payoffs, as you can see in the chart above, that alignment is
skewed fucked.
Founder equity value is often maximized by an "early exit," but that's the topic of a future post. In the meantime, read about early exits on our friend Basil Peter's blog,
angelblog.net. Basil is in beautiful Vancouver, probably getting ready to go to some Olympic events (
NYT interactive map). Too bad
DC got today's big snow storm and
not them.
Ok, with that preamble out of the way, if you haven't done so already, check out the
TechCrunch article and
EventVue's blog.
Ok, now on to today's blog/response, which was prompted by
EH's comment on the TechCrunch thread (click image for full size):
Here's the premise:
Taking VC money is
often a root cause of some of the "Deadly Mistakes" listed on EventVue's blog.
Whatever you think about that premise, hopefully you'll agree that it's usually a good idea to stop, think, and discuss before you make an irreversible, and potentially fatal, decision. If you need advice or a sounding board, get it
before you go on your fund-raising road show and get it from someone who is on
your team (more on that below).
Take this EventVue "deadly mistake," for example:
"tried to build a sales effort too early":
Pumping money into a sales effort is what VCs do (yes, another
surprise). No bootstrapping startup would or could do that so early. Why? Because (1) they can't, and (2) it's not rational, at least not if you consider yourself "data-driven."
Yes, if you're "investing" money in a sales effort at the angel/seed stage and/or before the expected
customer lifetime value is greater than expected
customer acquisition cost (more on that below), then you need to put down the
crack pipe and loaded gun, 'cause that story's gonna end bad, at least if you don't make some changes.
In a future post, if you guys want (
submit and/or vote on topics here), I'll do some modeling and analysis around those things (so far what I've seen going around the Web is lacking). After all, I didn't spend
four years modeling and analyzing and investing millions of dollars in subscription-based business models for nothing. Four years might not sound like much, but there was a
lot of action from '99 to '03, and we were in the thick of it: A stock market bubble going parabolic ('99), then crashing ('00),
Google launching AdWords ('00),
9/11 ('01), our
IPO ('01), the birth and growth of the
mother of all credit and asset bubbles ('02+), and more.
Update: Josh of EventVue sounded off that they raised angel money, not VC money, which is true, but beside the point. The point is that, whether the money comes from an angel or a VC or a bank or China or your dad, you need to stop, think, and discuss before you choose to pursue and/or take outside financing, under what terms, from whom, when, and why (five times). My gut tells me that maybe other root deadly problems at EventVue might relate to (1) missing main points, nuances and details, and (2) forming beliefs and then clinging to them instead of viewing them as hypotheses to test. Those are critical factors, maybe the most critical, but they're topics for a future post as well. Note, the above is not a criticism, and there is no shame, we can all do better in those areas (I know I can). Post-mortems require getting into areas most people prefer not see or acknowledge. The irony is that those "difficult" areas are often usually the most important ones -- they're also often usually the most interesting, "fun," and potentially rewarding ones. If we're going to chose not to go there, that's fine, but it's a choice and it leads to blue-pill world (YouTube), which is fine for most people, but not for you, at least not if you want to learn and grow and see truths, especially the ones that most people find difficult or ugly, which, again, are often usually the most important, and beautiful, ones. It's not the spoon that bends, after all (YouTube).
Now back to our regularly scheduled blog post:
Dollars are data. Customer acquisition costs are data. Customer lifetime values are data. ROI is the intersection of those two streams of data, adjusted for your fixed costs plus your marginal costs.
So what the fuck are you (not Rob and Josh, I mean any of us founders) doing if you're either ignoring the data or throwing money down a rat hole of upside down financial metrics? That's a reason why hackers and web startups need a competent "business/marketing/finance/ops guy" on their team (I don't need to explain why business guys need competent hackers on their team, that's obvious).
Thinking that a VC is competent is a leap of faith -- some are, most not so much (bell curve). Thinking that a VC is on
your team is plain wrong. The VC is on
his team. He's maximizing his outcome. That's his job. There's nothing inherently wrong with that, it's just that you need to recognize that fact and you need someone on your team or else you [insert favorite analogy here] "are like a lamb in lion's den" or "just brought a knife to a gun fight."
Sure,
Mortimer Duke (
YouTube) wants you to make money, but he's on your team about as much as a gangster is on one of his fighting pit bull's team. Sure,
Cheese wants his Dog to win (
YouTube), but he's got plenty of other dogs in his kennel. So does the Mortimer. Ok, now I'm exaggerating and throwing around dated references and weird analogies, but it's more fun that way :)
A Few Important Terms/Variables:
Through the magic of
liquidation preferences and cumulative dividends, Mortimer will take 100% of the money if the exit price is less than the price at which your shares come into the money, which is pretty high. In fact, your shares payoff like a
call option with a high strike price. The payoffs on exit looks something like what you see on the chart at the top of this page (
here is a full-size image).
Even after the exit price passes your break-even point, it's likely that Mortimer will take additional pieces pie, through the magic of
participation (see
here and
here), just as you agreed to let him do in the contract you signed without someone who is really on your team negotiating on your behalf or helping you negotiate on your own behalf.
How to know if someone is on your team? Follow the money:
- Design your deal with them to align interests and payoffs.
- Look for and eliminate or mitigate conflicts of interest (obvious, hidden, whatever).
Even "your" lawyer has a conflict of interest to the extent his or her revenue depends on VCs sending future business to, or away from, him or her. Sure, ethics and oaths require them to put that conflict aside, just as ad-supported media is supposed to put aside its conflicts of interest and journalists are supposed to put aside theirs. But the fact remains that if a lawyer pisses off a VC, the VC will vote with his wallet, just as the advertiser will if the media outlet pisses them off. In the journalist example, she will get frozen out by key sources if she pisses them off. Quid pro quo, Clarice.
The bottom line is that you probably want someone on your team who knows how to negotiate and model scenarios in Excel
before you contact and negotiate with a commercial investor. If you don't do that, you've probably chosen to learn a lesson the hard way (through your own mistake) instead of the
easy easier way (through someone else's mistake).
To answer the question some of you may be wondering about now: Yes, I can and do sometimes consult for founders and web startups. But, no, this isn't a pitch. In fact, as many of you know, my plate if pretty full with my own projects and investments right now, which means I have to be more selective about the projects I get involved with and the commitments I make to them. That said, feel free to checkout my LinkedIn profile and drop me a line if you want.
Once you take VC money, they will
advise force you, in all kinds of ways, most of them involving cranking up your burn rate and going for broke. Why? Because VCs need you to either hit a home run or strike out and they need you to do it fast. There will be no singles or doubles (early exits for $10-$30 million). "Hit 'us' a home run our go the fuck home, thanks for playing," is what Mortimer has planned for you. That's one reason why bootstrapping is best for many/most web startups. There are many other reasons (topics for another post).
What's a startup founder to do?
Do your customer development, figure out your product and customers, your value proposition, get some customers, get your customer acquisition cost and lifetime value metrics down, or at least do enough real-money hypothesis testing and funnel optimization to have a high degree of confidence that if you invest
$I in customer acquisition you will net
Q paying customers, who each have an average lifetime value,
discounted back to present, of
$r.
If $r is greater than
$i (little "i" is your weighted average customer acquisition cost, which will vary by channel and other factors, of course), then you have (1) a rational reason to raise and invest capital in sales and/or marketing, and (2) negotiating leverage, or "hand," as Seinfeld calls it (
YouTube).
If you raise money to build a sales team before you know what $r and $i are and before you have some rational, quantifiable reason to believe that $r is greater than $i, then, yes, you have made a deadly mistake, you have committed startup suicide. Ok, if a VC is involved, and by definition they have to be involved if you raised money to build a sales team, then maybe it's better called murder/suicide (but it's really suicide because all the VC did was give you the loaded gun, you pulled the trigger yourself). Ok, there's a small chance that it'll work and you've got the next Twitter, but when you run the numbers and probabilities, the expected value is negative, you've got the next Shitter.
Negotiating With Venture Capitalists
Don't "negotiate" with a VC unless you have hand plus a viable
BATNA. If you don't have those things, you'll probably be ass fucked six ways from Sunday.
Update: Yikes, the phrase "*ss f*cked," or at least the asterisks I originally used, angered a troll and caused him to call for a lynch mob (exaggeration intentional and for effect)
here on HackerNews (I know you shouldn't feed the trolls, but I had a few minutes and
replied). Kind of funny that at the same time the troll struck, Allen Stern over at
CenterNetworks put this blog post on his
Weekend Entrepreneurial Reading list of "great Entrepreneurial posts." After that, we had the "retard" controversy (
WashPo,
HuffPo/Colbert Video, and
TechCrunch).
Lastly, why does this kind of blowout so often happen to people in their 20s? On reason is discussed in Chris OBrien's "
The Innovation Age Bias At Sequoia Capital" and its comments. That link goes to my first comment on there, which is followed by
Vivek Wadhwa's perspective (Vivek is a guest author on TechCrunch, a Visiting Scholar at UC-Berkeley, and has ties to Duke and Harvard).
Cheers,
@chrisco
PS: I'm sure we'll be hearing from Rob and Josh again soon! As others have said, this is not a failure, it's milestone on their journey and learning experience. Good luck, guys!
